Insomnia affects 10–30 % of adults, with higher prevalence among older individuals, women, and those with comorbid medical or psychiatric conditions. It disrupts cognitive function, emotional regulation, and physical health, elevating risks for depression, cardiovascular disease, and diminished quality of life. Although pharmacological treatments have offered short-term symptom relief, their use has been constrained by side effects, dependency potential, and limited long-term efficacy, underscoring the need for effective non-pharmacological alternatives. Exercise has emerged as a well-supported, low-risk intervention, with moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, resistance training, and mind–body modalities (e.g., yoga, tai chi) demonstrating consistent benefits in sleep improvement.